biofunda

 Enzymes are biocatalysts.  Catalyst are those which accelerat the rate of reaction without affected itself.  Enzymes is a substance that catalyse biochemical reactions.  Similarties They do not initiate the reaction.  They constitute short -lived complexes by reacting with substrate molecules.  Both catalyse reversible reactions.  They increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation energy.  They have no effect on equillibrium.  Both are effective in very small amounts.  Their quantity and quality remains unchanged in the reaction. The function of both catalyst and enzyme is to hasten the process in either direction.  Dissimilarities  Chemical nature   Enzymes are proteinous in nature while inorganic catalyst are small mineral ion.  Control   Enzyme activity can be controlled by certain regulators which can change the conformation of enzymes,catalyst are not controlled by regulators.  Effect of external factors   Enzymes are high sensitive to pH and temperature changes. Whe

 Definition : Enzymes are water soluble, colloidal organic macromolecules which are wholly or partially proteinaceous in nature; biological in origin;  produced in microamounts and capable of catalyzing specific biochemical reactions under specific conditions of temperature and pH.  Chemical nature  All enzymes are proteins but all proteins are not enzymes . Enzymes are wholly or partially proteinaceous in nature. This was first shown by J. B. Sumner.  and further supported by Northrop.  Both enzymes and proteins, when boiled with strong acid or base, undergo coagulation and lose their biological function.  Enzymes, like the protein, are macromolecules having high molecular weight ranging from 12,000 to 1million Daltons. Enzymes, on hydrolysis, yield a mixture of amino acids.  Enzymes and proteins both do not pass through dialyzing membrane.  Both are colloidal in nature    Importance of Enzymes A biological system needs the enzymes for two reactions : Metabolic actions occur at contr

Most protein are colorless amorphous substance with no definite melting points or boiling points . On heating they undergo decomposition .  They forms important part of buffer system of body fluid as they are amphoteric in nature. This is due to large number of ionizable R-groups .  Isoelectric Point : This is because of presence on the protein chain of additional acidic or basic groups that are not involved in peptide linkages. Most proteins show minimum solubility and stability at their Isoelectric Point.  Precipitation / coagulation : proteins are easily precipitated by certain agents. Many of the normal function in body are essential precipitation reaction example clotting of blood. Precipitation of protein is an irreversible change and precipitated protein is said to be denatured.  Colloidal nature : These form colloidal dispersion in water. The inability of proteins to pass through a membrane is of great importance in body. Protein present in bloodstream can't pass thr